![]() ĭespite the technically demanding nature of transplant surgery, there is limited information in the literature regarding the use of simulation to improve transplant surgery specific technical skills, particularly for trainees. Providing trainees with simulation opportunities allows them to practice surgical techniques in a low risk environment prior to performing in the high stress environment of the operating room. Nationally the mean and standard deviation of cases logged was 1.5 ± 3 for liver transplants, 6.6 ± 8 for renal transplants, 2 ± 3 for donor nephrectomies and 1.7 ± 3 for donor hepatectomies. Per the 2020–2021 national report by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), general surgery residents performed a limited number of abdominal transplant cases during their residency. The American Board of Surgery also mandates experience in solid organ transplantation for certification in surgery, but opportunities may be more limited in general surgery residencies. In the United States, transplant surgeons undergo rigorous training through dedicated residency programs in cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, or urology prior to completing their abdominal or cardiothoracic transplant fellowships. ![]() Hence, simulation-based training to improve surgeon technical skills can have important implications in the improvement of care for surgical patients. reported that technical skills among practicing surgeons correlates with patient outcome. Prolonged warm ischemic time has been associated with longer hospitalizations, worse patient survival, and impaired long-term graft survival. ![]() In kidney transplantation, for example, prolonged warm ischemia time is typically the result of long vascular anastomotic time. Patient outcomes in solid organ transplantation are impacted by surgical factors dependent on surgeon skill. The increased use of simulation-based training allowed for faster skill acquisition, better retention, and standardization of skills among military personnel. In 1999, the US Army implemented simulation-based training as a core element for training combat medics this led to a 10% decrease in pre-hospital deaths despite advancing weapons technology. Simulation is defined as “a situation in which a particular set of conditions is artificially created to study or experience something that could exist in reality”. Luckily for them, the latest update of Surgeon Simulator 2013 now includes two extra zero gravity missions, allowing Nigel Burke to perform a double kidney transplant and a brain transplant, all with a pleasant view of Earth to look at during the easy parts, like chopping off the top of the patient's skull.Richard Satava described the first virtual abdominal simulator in 1993 since then, simulation-based training has steadily gained popularity in surgical education. ![]() Heart transplants are old hat by now, though, and astronauts do have a tendency to get struck with all sorts of maladies. Originally created in 48 hours as an entry for Global Game Jam 2013, Surgeon Simulator has now been polished and refined, and includes "special" operations like the Team Fortress 2 easter egg and, just to shake things up a little, a heart transplant that must be carried out in zero gravity onboard a space station. In fact, surgery is so easy that just about anyone can do it with a simple flashcard tutorial, which is why anatomy enthusiasts can now experience the joys of slicing and dicing first hand in the indie hit Surgeon Simulator 2013. They make a show of putting on gloves and having people around to mop their brows, but at the end of the day it's just a case of cutting someone open, taking out the bits that don't work and replacing them with spare parts that do work, then letting a nurse stitch the whole thing back up again while the surgeon goes off for a coffee break. Let's face it, we all know that surgeons make their job out to be way more complicated than it actually is. ![]()
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